On the centenary of the birth of the Portuguese mathematician António Aniceto Monteiro, the Portuguese Mathematical Society (SPM) and the Museum of Science of the University of Lisbon jointly organize a colloquium in his honour. This colloquium is mostly devoted to the historical aspects of the life and scientific work of A. A. Monteiro, as well as their impact on the development of science in Portugal, Brazil and Argentina. In addition, the colloquium comprises a number of invited talks on the scientific aspects and recent developments in research topics closely related to the work of A. A. Monteiro.